CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
特殊儿童

 

• ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder 过动儿，集中力面对问题

 

• Dyslexia – A problem with reading, spelling and speaking. 阅读，听写与表达

 

面对问题

 

• Dysplexia – A problem in the speech and oral area of the brain. 语言障碍

 

• A S D  –   Autism Spectrum Disorder (Including Asperger Syndrome) 自闭症(轻微自闭症）

 

Generally , poor in social skills ,poor in educational and organizational skills

 

and time management. 社交技能，教育和组织能力和时间管理差。

 

• Poor in social skill; have difficulties in waiting for things they want and have short patience during games. 社交技能差;并在游戏期间缺乏耐性。

 

• Poor in education   –   problems with school work and have trouble in completing homework and assignments.

 

教育能力差 – 与学校功课中问题，并在完成功课时面对问题。

 

• Poor in organization skill   – unable to follow instructions and planning, becomes easily confused and has difficulty in processing information.

 

组织技能差 – 无法遵循指示和规划计划，容易混淆，并在处理信息面对难度。

 

• Poor in time management   – difficulty with time keeping and the concept of time.

 

时间管理差 – 随着时间的推移保持和时间的概念的难度。

 

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

 

注意力多动障碍

 

• The children who have common problems and social skills in school are :-

 

孩子有共同的问题和社会技巧

 

• ADHD – ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 注意力多动障碍

 

• Symptoms :- 特征

 

– Inattention, hyperactive and impulsive are the key behavior of ADHD

 

注意力不集中，多动和冲动是ADHD的关键行为 。

 

– Easily distracted, miss details, forget things, have difficulty in focusing on one thing.

 

容易分心，错过细节，忘东西，集中在一件事情上面对困难。

 

– Struggle to follow instruction. 不肯遵循指示。

 

– Have trouble sitting still during dinner, school lessons and story time.

 

坐立不安（在晚餐时间，学校期间，听故事期间）。

 

WHAT IS ADHD
什么是过动儿?

 

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 注意力多动障碍。

 

• It is a medical condition involving BRAIN dysfunction . 这是一个脑功能障碍。

 

• Symptoms of ADHD 过动儿特征 :-

 

–   Inattention 注意力不集中

 

–   Hyperactivity 多动症

 

–   Impulsivity 冲动

 

INATTENTION
注意力不集中

 

• Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.

 

不用心听讲别人说话。

 

• Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.

 

经常在组织任务和活动面对困难。

 

• Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork and other activities.

 

往往不能给予密切注意于细节功课和其他活动中犯错。

 

• Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork.

 

往往不配合的指示，不能完成学业。

 

HYPERACTIVITY
多动

 

• Often runs & climbs about   (feelings of restlessness). 时常奔跑与跳动(坐立不安)

 

• Often cannot sit still. 不能稳坐

 

• Talks excessively. 很多话讲

 

IMPULSIVITY冲动

 

• Often blurts out answers before questions have been completed. 经常在问题还没问完时冲说出他要的答案。

 

• Often has difficulty waiting their turn (very impatient). 经常在等待次序会面对困难很不耐烦）。

 

• Often interferes on others (e.g. butts into conversations or games). 通常干扰（切入谈话或游戏）。

 

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ADHD-LIKE BEHAVIOR
过动儿的类似行为的原因

 

• A sudden change in the child’s life – the death of a parent or parents’ divorce.

 

孩子的生活突然巨变 – 父母死亡或父母离婚。

 

• A middle ear infection that causes intermittent hearing problem.

 

中耳感染导致间歇性的听觉问题。

 

• Medical disorders that may affect brain functioning . (Very high fever during a child’s development)

 

内科疾病可能影响大脑功能。 （儿童的发展时期面对高烧）

 

• Complications during childbirth 分娩并发症

 

• Accidents –   especially head injury 意外 – 尤其是头部受伤

 

• Childhood Trauma (from Birth to 18 years old)  童年创伤（从出生到十八岁）

 

• Anxiety or depression 焦虑或抑郁

 

SOME OF THE MAIN EFFECTS OF ADHD
一些过动儿的主要影响

 

• Living for the moment – like to have fun most of the time. 活在此刻 – 大多数最喜欢游戏人间的时间。

 

• Poor Organizational skills. 组织能力差

 

• Lack of Social Skills- Inability to read social clues. 社会技能 – 缺乏阅读社会肢体语言线索技能

 

• Frustration and intolerance – Inflexibility or rigid. 挫折和不容忍及礼让 – 不够弹性 和 僵硬

 

• Risk taking or thrill seeking behaviors ( e.g .car racing). 冒险或寻求刺激的行为（如赛车）。

 

• Unable to pay attention 无法集中精神

 

• Lying, stealing and blaming others. 欺骗，偷窃及诬赖别人。

 

 

 

THE 3 IMPACTS IN ADHD
过动儿三大影响

 

• Education Impact 教育影响

 

• Behavioral Impact     行为影响

 

• Social Impact               社交影响

 

EDUCATIONAL IMPACT教育影响

 

• Work too slow or too fast 动作太慢

 

• Forgets instructions 忽略指示

 

• Lazy or stupid 懒惰与愚笨

 

• Always leave things to last minutes 临时抱佛脚

 

• Difficulty in completing tasks 在完成任务是面对困难

 

BEHAVIORAL IMPACT
行为影响

 

• Demanding 过份要求

 

• Lacks self-control 没有自制能力

 

• Talks more than others 比别人多话

 

• Disruptive and accident prone 破坏性和容易发生事故

 

• Easily distracted and has good and bad days 容易分心和有心境好和坏的日子

 

SOCIAL IMPACT
社交影响

 

• Selfish and egocentric 自私及自尊心强

 

• Anxious, rude and insensitive 忧郁，没有礼貌，不敏感

 

• Immature 幼智

 

• Depressed 悲哀

 

• Low self-esteem 低自尊

 

• Withdrawn 封闭自己

 

• Inability to feel for others 不顾别人感受

 

• Doesn’t take turns 不轮流

 

ADHD DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDER
过动儿的破坏性行为障碍

 

• Substance abuse (drug , gambling, drinking) 吸毒，赌博，酗酒

 

• Bipolar disorder (BPD) – irritability in mood, uncontrolled anger (after 7 years old ). 情续波动障碍（BPD）,在心情烦躁不安，失控的愤怒

 

• Anxiety – Social phobia & separation anxiety. 焦虑 – 社交恐惧症及分离焦虑

 

• Depression – low self-esteem, academic, social & athletic (clumsy) frustration. 抑郁症 – 低自尊，学术，社会及体育（笨拙）挫折。

 

• Impulsive disorder – often act on impulse without thinking. 激动障碍 – 往往不加思索地冲动行事 .

 

CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS – DYSLEXIA
特殊儿童：阅读障碍

 

• DYSLEXIA   :-阅读障碍

 

• Is a learning disorder that manifest itself as a difficulty with reading and spelling. 阅读与拼读面对问题

 

• Difficulty with organization skill. 组织技巧差。

 

• Poor in Social Skills. 社交技巧差。

 

• Poor in writing 书写能力差.

 

• Reverse vision in alphabets and numbers. 反向字母和数字的看法。

 

SYMPTOMS OF DYSLEXIA
阅读障碍的特征

 

• Poor in problem solving in mathematics 在解决数学问题时有困难

 

• Problem with sequencing :-   in multiplication , division, time , money, spelling , days and month. 数学排序面对问题：如 加减乘除，时间，金钱，拼读，月，年，日

 

• Poor short term memory 短暂记忆力差

 

• PROBLEM :- 问题

 

• Social & emotional problem – poor self image ,lack of confidence & bullying in school. 社会及情绪问题 – 自我形象差，缺乏信心和在校园内饱受欺凌。

 

• Anti social ,depression, aggression ,mood disorder & cognitive limitation. 抗拒社会，抑郁，攻击性，情绪障碍与认知局限.

 

LEARNING DISORDER

 

• Learning disorders affect 3-10%

 

• Low self-esteem, diminished motivation, loss of interest in school & problem in social functioning, & academic difficulties.

 

• Interfere with life skills, sport activities, & relationships.

 

• Numerous factors can affect the proper development of the brain, including maternal stress during pregnancy, traumatic birth, poor diet, & sedentary lifestyle.